Business
WTO Cannot Continue as Barrier to COVID-19 Medicines

It’s unimaginable that more than two years into the pandemic with more than 15 million people killed, World Trade Organization (WTO) countries are still stuck debating whether WTO intellectual property barriers should be waived for COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and tests.
Actually, that’s not quite correct: The needed waiver has been scotched thanks to a few wealthy countries doing Big Pharma’s bidding.
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Instead, the WTO staff is pushing for a deal on a rump text that experts at Doctors Without Borders and other groups conclude is unlikely to result in more vaccines being made or administered. It does not even apply to treatments and tests. Worse, it could undermine countries’ existing WTO flexibilities to make generic versions of medicines.
This is not what most countries want. More than 100 support a temporary waiver of the WTO’s monopoly rights for pharmaceutical corporations so that more of the most effective mRNA vaccines and life-saving treatments, like Paxlovid, can be produced in as many locations as possible.
President Joe Biden supported a WTO waiver of IP barriers for COVID vaccines. South Africa and India’s text that waives WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property (TRIPS) provisions has 65 country cosponsors.
Yet with our health and the world economy at risk from dangerously low vaccination rates and limited access to treatments in most developing nations, three WTO members—the European Union (EU), Switzerland and the U.K.—have blocked the rest of the world.
At the start of 2022, the WTO’s director general sought a way forward through talks among the EU, South Africa, India and the U.S. But that process failed as the EU defended the pharmaceutical industry position and refused to waive intellectual property monopolies while the U.S. insisted that any deal cover only vaccines not easier-to-produce treatments. The U.S. demand seems particularly ironic, cruel and out of step with the ever-changing COVID-19 situation, now that U.S. COVID strategy has changed to prioritize testing and treatment.
That text was so bad only the EU supported it. It was resoundingly rejected worldwide. WTO rules have limited countries’ freedom to operate generic COVID-19 medicine production, thus the need for a waiver, not additional constraints.
But now, remarkably, even though South Africa, India and the U.S. did not support the EU’s no-waiver approach and most WTO countries support a waiver, the rump text has replaced the waiver as the focus of WTO negotiations.
Partners In Health, Oxfam and other groups urged Biden to reject this approach that wouldn’t deliver even on his limited vaccine waiver pledge.
Waiving IP barriers is as relevant as ever. What is described as a “glut” in developing nations is widely understood there as pharmaceutical corporations and wealthy countries dumping old and less effective vaccines that their citizens don’t want. If second generation versions of the most effect mRNA shots targeted to stop infection by recent variants like Omicron are only available in a few wealthy nations and mass outbreaks continue in the developing world, we will lose the next race between vaccines and variants.
What is needed is simple—a straightforward waiver, eliminating legal uncertainties, not raising new issues, so that any firm producing any of these badly needed vaccines, treatments and tests does not have to worry about being sued.
The principle of access to intellectual property in the face of an epidemic has long been accepted. It’s just that the drug companies are engaged (successfully) in foot dragging to maximize profits before more supplies eventually become available.
It’s horribly reminiscent of what happened in the 1990s HIV/AIDS epidemic. Millions of people in Africa suffered and died from AIDs while a few powerful developed countries blocked a WTO waiver for life-saving antiretrovirals.
Instead of focusing on saving lives, today in the lead up to the WTO’s major decision-making June 12 ministerial conference meeting, trade negotiators are being put under enormous pressure to ink an agreement, any agreement, to show that the WTO is still relevant.
No agreement is better than a bad agreement. Negotiators still have time to fix the situation. If the EU, U.K., Switzerland and the U.S. won’t agree, at a minimum they must commit to not attacking countries that act to save their citizens as developing countries and emerging markets must take the protection of their citizens in their own hands, doing whatever they can.
We should also recognize the anger felt in the developing countries over what has happened. It is part of the reason that many countries are not lending support to European and American defense of Ukraine against Russia’s outrageous attack. We seem to care about the lives of Ukrainians, but not those dying unnecessarily of COVID-19.
There is no need for more people to die, for more mutations—some more deadly and contagious—to arise or for more to fall into poverty as more livelihoods are destroyed. The upcoming WTO ministerial summit could save lives and livelihoods, rehabilitate the international rules-based system and make an important step for international solidarity by enacting a clean waiver for COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and tests.
What is at stake is not just this pandemic, but the next. Will the WTO and intellectual property monopolies over medicines again impede the global response, again causing unnecessary deaths, again exacerbating an economic downturn?
The ball is the hands of a few countries—the EU plus the U.K., Switzerland and the U.S.—who ironically hold themselves out as stalwarts of human rights. But what human right is more important that the right to live?
Joseph E. Stiglitz is a professor at Columbia University, a Nobel Prize laureate in economics and chief economist at the Roosevelt Institute.
Lori Wallach is the director of Rethink Trade at the American Economic Liberties Project.
The views expressed in this article are the writers’ own.
Business
TEACHERS HALLOWEEN COSTUME IDEAS 2023

In this blog, we’ll present a collection of fun and innovative Halloween costume ideas that will transform you into the ultimate “spooktacular” teacher. From classic literary characters to scientific icons, historical figures to superheroes, there’s something for every teacher looking to add an extra touch of Halloween magic to their classroom.
TEACHERS HALLOWEEN COSTUME IDEAS
Here are some teachers Halloween costume ideas
Literary Legend: Bring your favorite literary character to life! Dress up as Alice in Wonderland, Sherlock Holmes, Miss Frizzle from “The Magic School Bus,” or even a whimsical Harry Potter character like Professor McGonagall.
Historical Hero: Pay homage to influential figures from history. Become a famous scientist like Albert Einstein or Marie Curie, a courageous leader like Abraham Lincoln or Joan of Arc, or a groundbreaking artist like Frida Kahlo.
Super Teacher: Embrace your inner superhero by creating a unique teacher alter-ego. Design your superhero costume with a personalized logo that represents your teaching superpowers, like “Captain Calculus” or “Ms. Wordsmith.”
Math Maven: Make math more magical by dressing up as a math wizard. Don a robe covered in equations, wield a wand made of rulers, and challenge your students to math puzzles throughout the day.
Science Sorcerer: Transform into a science sorcerer with a lab coat, goggles, and a few vials filled with mysterious substances (water, of course!). Explore the wonders of the universe with your young scientists.
Geography Guru: Turn geography into an adventure by dressing up as an intrepid explorer. Add a safari hat, a compass, and a world map to your ensemble and take your students on a global journey.
Artistic Ace: Unleash your artistic side by becoming a famous painter or sculptor. Dress up as Leonardo da Vinci, Vincent van Gogh, or Frida Kahlo, and inspire creativity in your classroom.
Tech Whiz: Embrace the digital age by dressing up as a tech-savvy guru. Adorn yourself with wearable gadgets and accessories that represent the modern tools of education.
Music Maestro: Be the maestro of Halloween with a music-themed costume. Dress up as a famous composer like Ludwig van Beethoven or as a rock star music teacher to inspire the young musicians.
Storybook Teacher: Combine elements of classic fairy tales to create a whimsical storybook teacher costume. Incorporate elements from “Little Red Riding Hood,” “Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” or “The Three Little Pigs.”
the key is to have fun and let your creativity shine through your chosen costume. It’s an excellent opportunity to engage your students, spark their imaginations, and create a memorable learning experience. Happy Halloween!
Business
9 Meaningful Ways to Get More Twitter followers

Twitter is one of the most popular social media platforms in the world. It has over 330 million monthly active users, making it a powerful tool for businesses and individuals alike. However, getting more followers on Twitter can be a challenging task, especially if you’re just starting out. In this article, we’ll explore 10 meaningful ways to get more Twitter followers.
1. Optimise Your Profile
Your Twitter profile is the first impression that people have of you, so it’s important to make it count. Make sure that your profile picture, header image, and bio accurately represent you or your brand. Use keywords in your bio to help people find you when they search for those terms.
Make sure that your Twitter handle is easy to remember and relevant to your brand. You can also include a link to your website or other social media profiles to encourage people to check out more of your content.
2. Tweet Consistently
Consistency is key to gaining more Twitter followers. Make sure that you’re tweeting on a regular basis, but also make sure that your tweets are high-quality and relevant to your target audience. Share interesting articles, photos, videos, and quotes that relate to your industry or interests.
3. Use Hashtags
Hashtags are a great way to increase the visibility of your tweets and help people find your content. Research relevant hashtags in your industry or interests and include them in your tweets. You can also create your own hashtag to encourage engagement and brand awareness.
However, make sure that you’re not overusing hashtags – this can make your tweets look spammy and turn off potential followers.
4. Engage with Your Followers
Engagement is key to building a loyal following on Twitter. Respond to comments and messages from your followers, retweet and like their tweets, and ask for their opinions and feedback.
Engaging with your followers shows that you care about their thoughts and opinions, and can help build a stronger relationship with them.
5. Participate in Twitter Chats
Twitter chats are a great way to connect with like-minded individuals in your industry or interests. Find relevant Twitter chats and participate by answering questions, asking your own, and engaging with other participants.
Participating in Twitter chats can help you gain new followers who are interested in your industry or interests, and can also help you learn more about your audience.
6. Collaborate with Others
Collaborating with other users on Twitter can help you gain exposure to their followers and vice versa. Look for opportunities to collaborate with other users in your industry or interests by guest tweeting, hosting a Twitter chat together, or co-creating content.
Collaborating with others can help you gain new followers and also build relationships with other users on the platform.
7. Share User-Generated Content
User-generated content (UGC) is content created by your followers that features your brand or product. Sharing UGC on your Twitter account can help you build a stronger relationship with your followers and also encourage them to share more content featuring your brand.
Make sure to credit the original creator of the UGC and ask for permission before sharing it on your account.
8. Use Twitter Ads
Twitter ads are a great way to reach a wider audience and gain more followers. You can create targeted ads that are shown to users who fit specific criteria, such as demographics or interests.
However, make sure that you’re targeting the right audience and that your ad is relevant and valuable to them. Otherwise, you may end up wasting your advertising budget without gaining any new followers.
9. Host Twitter Contests
Hosting a Twitter contest is a great way to encourage engagement and gain new followers. You can ask your followers to retweet your tweet, follow your account, or create user-generated content to participate in the contest.
Make sure that your contest is relevant to your brand
Business
How to Get Famous on Instagram?

Introduction
If you want to get famous on Instagram, it’s not as hard as you think. You just need to know what to do and how to do it. We have compiled some ideas and tips here so that you can go from being “nobody” on Instagram to getting more followers and likes than any of your friends!
Follow and Interact with Influencers in Your Niche
Follow and Interact with Influencers
Influencer marketing is a popular way to get your brand noticed on social media. By following influencers in your niche, you can see what they’re posting, and then engage with their content by commenting or sharing their posts. You can also reach out to them directly if you have questions about something they’ve written or posted online. If an influencer has reached out to you before, don’t hesitate to reach back! It’s important that both parties feel comfortable collaborating together so that both parties benefit from the relationship.
Post High-Quality, Engaging Content
Posting high-quality, engaging content is the most important thing you can do to get famous on Instagram. High-quality photos and videos are more likely to be shared and liked by your followers, which means they’ll show up in more people’s feeds. And the more likes and shares your post gets, the better its ranking will be in Instagram’s algorithm — which means it will show up even higher in people’s feeds than before!
So what makes an image “high quality”? It has good lighting (natural or artificial), sharp focus, and balanced exposure; it doesn’t have any obvious defects like dust spots or blurriness; it uses filters sparingly so as not to distract from its subject matter; it contains no copyrighted material from other people’s accounts…you get the idea!
If this sounds like too much work for you right now then don’t worry: just keep experimenting with different types of photos until something clicks with your audience!
Engage with Your Community
- Respond to Comments
When you respond to comments, it shows that you care about your community and want to engage with them. This is a great way for them to feel valued and appreciated by you.
- Post Photos of Your Followers
Posting pictures of your followers helps build a sense of community among all the users on Instagram. They will feel like they are part of something bigger than themselves, which makes them more likely to continue using the platform because they want to make sure to take advantage of everything happening within their own circles or other people’s circles!
Use Hashtags to Help You Get Famous on Instagram
Hashtags are a great way of getting more followers, likes, and comments. Hashtags help you get more views, interactions, exposure, and popularity.
Hashtags can be used in many ways to promote yourself on Instagram:
- Use hashtags in your captions (the text description under each photo or video)
- Use hashtags in the comments section of other people’s posts (this will increase engagement with those users)
Keep Your Bio Fresh And Attractive
Your bio is a great place to tell a story and let your followers know who you are. You can also include links to your other social media profiles, website(s), and email address in the bio section. If you have an Instagram profile then include it here too!
Always Post Engaging Content
To get famous on Instagram, you must post engaging content. This means that your posts should be relevant to your target audience and style and theme should be consistent.
You can’t just post the same thing over and over again or use the same filters every time, either! It’s important to mix it up so that people who follow you don’t get bored with what they see in their feeds every day.
Concentrate on Your Niche
In order to get famous on Instagram, you need to focus on your niche. When you do this, it will be much easier for people in your niche to find and follow you. You also want to target a specific audience with hashtags that are relevant to them. This will help them find out about your account so they can follow it too!
If possible, try using consistent themes for each photo or video post. This can make things easier when posting content because then there isn’t as much thinking involved when deciding what photos/videos go together well enough for posting purposes; instead of worrying about whether or not something looks good next to another image (which might not look good), just post whatever comes naturally while still sticking with whatever theme(s) applies best here.”
Use Your Personal Picture
The first thing to do is take a personal picture. A professional one will not get you any followers and fame on Instagram, but a personal one can help your account grow in popularity.
You can use:
- Your own picture
- A professional picture
- A view of you in your work environment (e.g., at a store or office)
- A view of you in your home environment (e.g., cooking dinner for friends)
Or even better, post multiple photos per day!
Timeliness Matters
When posting, it’s important to consider the time of day and day of the week that you are posting. Posting at a time when your audience is online will help ensure that they see your content.
If possible, post at times when engagement rates are highest for both you and them–which may be different than what we think! For example, if most people in your target audience are teenagers or college students who sleep late on weekends (and therefore aren’t likely to be awake until noon), then it would probably make sense for you not to schedule any posts on Saturday morning because there would be no one around who could engage with them until after lunchtime.
Similarly, if many members from this same group tend not to get home from work until later in the evening (say around 8 pm), then posting something new before bedtime might not be optimal either since there would likely be little activity happening during those hours anyway (unless perhaps there were other reasons why someone might want their followers’ attention).
Focus on Your Target Audience
A good way to get noticed is by focusing on your target audience. Know who you’re targeting and what they want from your content, then deliver it consistently in a way that feels authentic to you. If this sounds like a lot of work, don’t worry: It’s worth it!
Once you have an idea of who might be interested in seeing your posts (for example, “young professionals” or “millennials”), start engaging with their accounts by liking or commenting on their posts. When someone interacts with yours this way, they’ll see that they’ve gotten your attention–and maybe even follow back!
Conclusion
As we’ve seen, there are a number of ways to get famous on Instagram. You can start by following and interacting with influencers in your niche, posting high-quality content that engages your audience and hashtags that help you reach out to new people who might be interested
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